Battle of Trafalgar

Jovan Stosic January 4, 2018

The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of theFrench and Spanish Navies, during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1815).

Battle of Trafalgar
Part of the Trafalgar Campaign
Joseph Mallord William Turner 027.jpg
The Battle of Trafalgar, as seen from the starboard mizzen shrouds of the Victory. J. M. W. Turner (oil on canvas, 1806–1808)
Date 21 October 1805
Location Cape Trafalgar, Spain
36.29°N 6.26°W
Result Decisive British victory
Belligerents
 United Kingdom France French Empire
Spain Kingdom of Spain
Commanders and leaders
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Horatio Nelson †
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Cuthbert Collingwood		 France Pierre-Charles Villeneuve (POW)
Spain Federico Gravina (DOW)
Strength

33 ships

(27 ships of the line and six others)

41 ships

(France: 18 ships of the line and eight others

Spain: 15 ships of the line)
Casualties and losses

458 dead
1,208 wounded

Total: 1,666[1]

France:
10 ships captured,
one ship destroyed,
2,218 dead,
1,155 wounded,
4,000 captured[2]

Spain:
11 ships captured,
1,025 dead,
1,383 wounded,
4,000 captured[2]

Aftermath:
Apx. 3,000 prisoners drowned in a storm after the battle

Total: 13,781

Vice Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson, byLemuel Francis Abbott

Vice Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood

Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, the French Admiral

Federico Gravina, the Spanish Admiral

Twenty-seven British ships of the line led by Admiral Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victorydefeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line under the French Admiral Villeneuve in the Atlantic Ocean off the southwest coast of Spain, just west of Cape Trafalgar, near the town of Los Caños de Meca. The Franco-Spanish fleet lost twenty-two ships, without a single British vessel being lost. It was the most decisive naval battle of the war.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar

Atonality – Wikipedia

Jovan Stosic January 4, 2018

Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center, or key. Atonality, in this sense, usually describes compositions written from about 1908 to the present day where a hierarchy of pitches focusing on a single, central tone is not used, and the notes of thechromatic scale function independently of one another (Kennedy 1994). More narrowly, the term atonality describes music that does not conform to the system of tonal hierarchies that characterized classical European music between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries (Lansky, Perle, and Headlam 2001). “The repertory of atonal music is characterized by the occurrence of pitches in novel combinations, as well as by the occurrence of familiar pitch combinations in unfamiliar environments” (Forte 1977, 1).

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atonality

espouse

Jovan Stosic January 4, 2018

ɪ’spaʊz, ɛ-
■ verb
adopt or support (a cause, belief, or way of life).
archaic marry. ▶(be espoused to) be engaged to.

espouser noun

ME: from OFr. espouser, from L. sponsare, from sponsus ‘betrothed’, past participle of spondere.
…
Concise Oxford Thesaurus
espouse
▶ verb ADOPT, embrace, take up, accept, welcome; support, back, champion, favour, prefer, encourage; promote, endorse, advocate.

reject.
…
EngMac
espoused
венчан
…
Merriam-Webster Collegiate® Dictionary
es·pouse
Pronunciation: is-‘pau̇z also -‘pau̇s
Function: transitive verb
Inflected Form: es·poused ; es·pous·ing
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French espuser, from Late Latin sponsare to betroth, from Latin sponsus betrothed ― more at SPOUSE
Date: 15th century

1 : MARRY
2 : to take up and support as a cause : become attached to
synonyms see ADOPT
–es·pous·er noun

cornucopia

Jovan Stosic January 4, 2018

…

Concise Oxford English Dictionary

ˌkɔ:njʊ‘kəʊpɪə■  noun 
    a symbol of plenty consisting of a goat’s horn overflowing with flowers, fruit, and corn. 
    an abundant supply of good things: the festival offers a cornucopia of pleasures. 
 

cornucopian adjective 
 

C16: from late L., from L. cornu copiae ‘horn of plenty’ (a mythical horn able to provide whatever is desired).

…

English-Serbian dictionary

Cornucopia

Rog Izobilja

…

Merriam-Webster Collegiate® Dictionary

cor·nu·co·pia

Pronunciation:     ˌkȯr-nə–‘kō-pē-ə, -nyə–‘
Function:           noun
Etymology:          Late Latin, from Latin cornu copiae horn of plenty
Date:               1508

1 : a curved goat’s horn overflowing with fruit and ears of grain that is used as a decorative motif emblematic of abundance 
2 : an inexhaustible store : ABUNDANCE 
3 : a receptacle shaped like a horn or cone 
 –cor·nu·co·pi·an \-pē-ən\ adjective

forlorn

Jovan Stosic January 3, 2018

fə’lɔ:n
■ adjective
pitifully sad and lonely.
unlikely to succeed or be fulfilled.

forlorn hope a persistent or desperate hope that is unlikely to be fulfilled. [C16: from Du. verloren hoop ‘lost troop’, orig. denoting a band of soldiers picked to begin an attack, many of whom would not survive.]

forlornly adverb
forlornness noun

OE forloren ‘depraved’, past participle of forlēosan ‘lose’, of Gmc origin; ult. related to for- and lose.
…
Concise Oxford Thesaurus
forlorn
▶ adjective
he sounded forlorn: UNHAPPY, sad, miserable, sorrowful, dejected, despondent, disconsolate, wretched, abject, down, downcast, dispirited, downhearted, crestfallen, depressed, melancholy, gloomy, glum, mournful, despairing, doleful, woebegone; informal blue, down in the mouth, down in the dumps, fed up; formal lachrymose.
a forlorn garden: DESOLATE, deserted, abandoned, forsaken, forgotten, neglected.
a forlorn attempt: HOPELESS, with no chance of success; useless, futile, pointless, purposeless, vain, unavailing, nugatory; archaic bootless.

happy, busy, cared for, hopeful, sure-fire.
…
EngMac
forlorn
безнадежен, оставен, напуштен, безизгледен; a. напуштен, оставен, отфрлен; /2/ несреќен; напуштен
…
English-Serbian dictionary
Forlorn
Usamljen-Napusten-Bedan-Bespomocan-Ostavljen
…
Merriam-Webster Collegiate® Dictionary
for·lorn
Pronunciation: fər-‘lȯrn, fȯr-
Function: adjective
Etymology: Middle English forloren, from Old English, past participle of forlēosan to lose, from for- + lēosan to lose ― more at LOSE
Date: before 12th century

1 a : BEREFT, FORSAKEN b : sad and lonely because of isolation or desertion : DESOLATE
2 : being in poor condition : MISERABLE, WRETCHED
3 : nearly hopeless
synonyms see ALONE
–for·lorn·ly adverb
–for·lorn·ness \-‘lȯrn-nəs\ noun
forlorn hope
Function: noun
Etymology: by folk etymology from Dutch verloren hoop, literally, lost band
Date: 1579

1 : a body of men selected to perform a perilous service
2 : a desperate or extremely difficult enterprise

crass

Jovan Stosic January 2, 2018

■ adjective showing a gross lack of intelligence or sensitivity.
crassitude noun
crassly adverb
crassness noun

C15 (in the sense ‘dense or coarse’): from L. crassus ‘solid, thick’.
…
Concise Oxford Thesaurus
crass
▶ adjective STUPID, insensitive, mindless, thoughtless, witless, oafish, boorish, asinine, coarse, gross, graceless, tasteless, tactless, clumsy, heavy-handed, blundering; informal ignorant, pig-ignorant.

intelligent.
…
EngMac
crass
глуп; груб
…
English-Serbian dictionary
Crass
Glup-Grub
…
Merriam-Webster Collegiate® Dictionary
crass
Pronunciation: ‘kras
Function: adjective
Etymology: Latin crassus thick, gross
Date: circa 1625

1 a : GROSS 6A especially : having or indicating such grossness of mind as precludes delicacy and discrimination b : being beneath one’s dignity c ― used as a pejorative intensifier
2 : guided by or indicative of base or materialistic values
synonyms see STUPID
–crass·ly adverb
–crass·ness noun