IBM 701

Jovan Stosic August 19, 2023

The IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine, known as the Defense Calculator while in development, was IBM’s first commercial scientific computer and its first series production mainframe computer, which was announced to the public on May 21, 1952. It was invented and developed by Jerrier Haddad and Nathaniel Rochester based on the IAS machine at Princeton.

The IBM 701 was the first computer in the IBM 700/7000 series, which were IBM’s high-end computers until the arrival of the IBM System/360 in 1964.

The business-oriented sibling of the 701 was the IBM 702 and a lower-cost general-purpose sibling was the IBM 650, which gained fame as the first mass-produced computer.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_701

Price equation

Jovan Stosic August 19, 2023

In the theory of evolution and natural selection, the Price equation (also known as Price’s equation or Price’s theorem) describes how a trait or allele changes in frequency over time. The equation uses a covariance between a trait and fitness, to give a mathematical description of evolution and natural selection. It provides a way to understand the effects that gene transmission and natural selection have on the frequency of alleles within each new generation of a population. The Price equation was derived by George R. Price, working in London to re-derive W.D. Hamilton‘s work on kin selection. Examples of the Price equation have been constructed for various evolutionary cases. The Price equation also has applications in economics.

It is important to note that the Price equation is not a physical or biological law. It is not a concise or general expression of experimentally validated results. It is rather a purely mathematical relationship between various statistical descriptors of population dynamics. It is mathematically valid, and therefore not subject to experimental verification. In simple terms, it is a mathematical restatement of the expression “survival of the fittest” which is actually self-evident, given the mathematical definitions of “survival” and “fittest”.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_equation

Oskar Morgenstern

Jovan Stosic August 19, 2023

Oskar Morgenstern (January 24, 1902 – July 26, 1977) was a German-born economist. In collaboration with mathematician John von Neumann, he founded the mathematical field of game theory as applied to the social sciences and strategic decision-making (see von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem).

Companies he served as founder/co-founder of included Market Research Corporation of America, Mathematica and Mathematica Policy Research.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Morgenstern

Remote desktop to Virtual Box

Jovan Stosic August 15, 2023

Start the virtual machine with:

VBoxHeadless -s  <vmname>

If the RDP server is working well then as an output from the previous command will be:

Starting virtual machine: VRDE server is listening on port 3389.

If you get an error than:

1. Install relevant extension pack
Check the version of VirtualBox you are running

VBoxManage -v

download the relevant extension pack from VirtualBox site and install it:

sudo VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-x.y.z.w.vbox-extpack

– Enable the VRDE (VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension)

VBoxManage modifyvm “Ubuntu Server 16.04.5 v2” –vrde on

– Connect remotely to the VirtualBox vm
rdesktop -N <vbox_interface_ip_address>

You may need to install rdesktop if you don’t already have it.

If you get and error then add the address by:

VBoxManage modifyvm <vm_name> –vrdeaddress <vbox_interface_ip_address>

For <vbox_interface_ip_address>  you select the IP of VBox interface that you get with: ifconfig. For example if you are using hostonly network it is the IP of vboxnet0 (e.g. 192.168.56.1).

Additionally it may help:

VBoxManage setproperty vrdeextpack “Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack”