Finally after half year I fixed it. The filesystem had error. I did:
- downloaded ubuntu iso on host machine
- attached iso as CD-ROM
- turned off UEFI
- turned off boot from hard drive
- set up CD-ROM as first device to boot
- started virtual machine and selected boot from CD-ROM
- after ubuntu started I launched gparted, selected disk with HA and run check/fix on data partition (twice)
- powered off virtual device
- unchecked boot from CD-ROM, checked boot from HD and moved it to first position
- moved HD in boot order to top
- started the virtual machine. no Ctrl-D was required
Source: UPDATE – System OS to 6.0 – Home Assistant OS – Home Assistant Community