Source: How to Manually Set Your IP in Linux (including netplan) | Daniel Miessler

VBoxManage setproperty vrdeextpack “Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack”

Source: virtualbox.org • View topic – rdesktop connection rejected – VRDE and VNC on same port

Changing Network Configuration

Below is an example of a static IP configuration on a system with only one Ethernet interface (eth0) and 10.0.0.41/24 for the IP address. Opening the /etc/network/interfaces file will produce:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 10.0.0.41
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    network 10.0.0.0
    broadcast 10.0.0.255
    gateway 10.0.0.1
    dns-nameservers 10.0.0.1 8.8.8.8
    dns-domain acme.com
    dns-search acme.com

Source: Configure Node Networking — SwiftStack Documentation

Starting and Connecting to the Virtual Machine

After the successful installation of VRDP, a virtual machine can be started in headless mode. The name of the virtual machine will be given in the first step:

~$ VBoxManage list vms
"ubuntu-server" {763d57b9-8eef-4572-8e71-f33fea89e950}

In this example, there is a virtual machine named “ubuntu-server”. The subsequent number is its UID. Headless mode can be activated afterwards in one of two manners:

~$ VBoxHeadless -s ubuntu-server
Oracle VM VirtualBox Headless Interface 4.1.8
(C) 2008-2011 Oracle Corporation
All rights reserved.

VRDE server is listening on port 3389.

or:

~$ VBoxManage startvm ubuntu-server --type headless
Waiting for VM "ubuntu-server" to power on...
VM "ubuntu-server" has been successfully started.

The virtual machine will now be running, however display output will not be shown. Instead, one connects to the machine through RDP or SSH (assuming that corresponding network and SSH configurations) exist.

SSH

~$ ssh tktest@192.168.56.101

In this example, the virtual machine has one Host-only-Adapter, which will automatically get an IP address from the DHCP server when the virtual machine is started. For that reason, the running SSH server for the virtual machine can be reached without any problems. This connection will also work through SSH, if VRDE has not been activated for the virtual machine.

RDP

Connection to a virtual machine via RDP will only work when VRDE has been activated for the virtual machine. After that, any RDP client can be used for connecting to the local host or using the IP address for the host on the virtual machine:

~$ VBoxHeadless -s ubuntu-server
Oracle VM VirtualBox Headless Interface 4.1.8
(C) 2008-2011 Oracle Corporation
All rights reserved.

VRDE server is listening on port 3389.

rdesktop localhost

Source: Headless Mode for Virtual Machines of VirtualBox – Thomas-Krenn-Wiki

Source: Managing Oracle VM VirtualBox from the Command Line