Music notes

Da capo aria

Jovan Stosic July 19, 2019

The da capo aria (Italian pronunciation: [da kˈkaːpo]) is a musical form for arias that was prevalent in the Baroque era. It is sung by a soloist with the accompaniment of instruments, often a small orchestra. The da capo aria is very common in the musical genres of opera and oratorio. According to Randel, a number of Baroque composers (he lists Hasse, Handel, Porpora, Leo, and Vinci) composed more than a thousand da capo arias during their careers

Source: Da capo aria – Wikipedia

A440 (pitch standard)

Jovan Stosic June 30, 2019

A440 or A4 (also known as the Stuttgart pitch), which has a frequency of 440 Hz, is the musical note of Aabove middle C and serves as a general tuning standard for musical pitch.

The International Organization for Standardization classifies it as ISO 16. Before standardization on 440 Hz, other frequencies were standardized upon. Although not universally accepted, it serves as the audio frequency reference to calibrate acoustic equipment and to tune pianos, violins, and other musical instruments.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)

Glissando

Jovan Stosic June 30, 2019

In music, a glissando (Italian: [ɡlisˈsando]; plural: glissandi, abbreviated gliss.) is a glide from one pitch to another
Play (help·info)). It is an Italianized musical term derived from the French glisser, “to glide”. In some contexts, it is distinguished from the continuous portamento. Some colloquial equivalents are slide, sweep (referring to the “discrete glissando” effects on guitar and harp, respectively), bend, smear, rip (for a loud, violent gliss to the beginning of a note),[1] lip (in jazz terminology, when executed by changing one’s embouchure on a wind instrument),[2] plop, or falling hail (a glissando on a harp using the back of the fingernails).[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glissando

Transcription (music)

Jovan Stosic June 29, 2019

In music, transcription can mean notating a piece or a sound which was previously unnotated, as, for example, an improvised jazz solo. When a musician is tasked with creating sheet music from a recording and they write down the notes that make up the piece in music notation, it is said that they created a musical transcription of that recording. Transcription may also mean rewriting a piece of music, either solo or ensemble, for another instrument or other instruments than which it was originally intended. The Beethoven Symphonies by Franz Liszt are a good example. Transcription in this sense is sometimes called arrangement, although strictly speaking transcriptions are faithful adaptations, whereas arrangements change significant aspects of the original piece.

Further examples of music transcription include ethnomusicological notation of oral traditions of folk music, such as Béla Bartók‘s and Ralph Vaughan Williams‘ collections of the national folk music of Hungary and England respectively. The French composer Olivier Messiaen transcribed birdsong in the wild, and incorporated it into many of his compositions, for example his Catalogue d’oiseaux for solo piano. Transcription of this nature involves scale degree recognition and harmonic analysis, both of which the transcriber will need relativeor perfect pitch to perform.

In popular music and rock, there are two forms of transcription. Individual performers copy a note-for-note guitar solo or other melodic line. As well, music publishers transcribe entire recordings of guitar solos and bass lines and sell the sheet music in bound books. Music publishers also publish PVG (piano/vocal/guitar) transcriptions of popular music, where the melody line is transcribed, and then the accompaniment on the recording is arranged as a piano part. The guitar aspect of the PVG label is achieved through guitar chords written above the melody. Lyrics are also included below the melody.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(music)