Month: February 2019

Aleksandra Kurzak

Jovan Stosic February 18, 2019

Aleksandra Kurzak (born 7 August 1977 in Brzeg Dolny) is a Polish operatic soprano. She has performed on many prominent international stages across Europe and Northern America including Royal Opera House in London, the Metropolitan Opera in New York, Vienna State Opera, and the Paris Opera. She had been successful in light and coloratura soprano roles and gradually taking on heavier roles in Italian Bel Canto and Verismo repertoire.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandra_Kurzak

Aleksandra Kurzak was last modified: February 18th, 2019 by Jovan Stosic

Additive rhythm and divisive rhythm

Jovan Stosic February 18, 2019

In music, the terms additive and divisive are used to distinguish two types of both rhythm and meter:

  • A divisive (or, alternately, multiplicative) rhythm is a rhythm in which a larger period of time is divided into smaller rhythmic units or, conversely, some integer unit is regularly multiplied into larger, equal units.
  • This can be contrasted with additive rhythm, in which larger periods of time are constructed by concatenating (joining end to end) a series of units into larger units of unequal length, such as a 5
    8     meter produced by the regular alternation of 2
    8     and 3
    8     (London 2001, §I.8).

When applied to meters, the terms perfect and imperfect are sometimes used as the equivalents of divisive and additive, respectively (Read 1969, 150).

Additive and divisive meters.

For example, 4 may be evenly divided by 2 or reached by adding 2 + 2. In contrast, 5 is only evenly divisible by 5 and 1 and may be reached by adding 2 or 3. Thus, 4
8 (or, more commonly, 2
4) is divisive while 5
8 is additive.

Source: Additive rhythm and divisive rhythm – Wikipedia

Additive rhythm and divisive rhythm was last modified: February 18th, 2019 by Jovan Stosic

Additive meter – Definition

Jovan Stosic February 18, 2019
Patterns of beats that subdivide into smaller, irregular groups (e.g., 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 10); common in certain types of Eastern European music.
Select from a letter above to find a music term in the Artopium index, or enter your music word into the search box provided by Google Search. Check out these additional resources for musical terminology below.

Source: Additive meter – Definition (Artopium’s Music Dictionary)

Additive meter – Definition was last modified: February 18th, 2019 by Jovan Stosic

Linear network coding – Wikipedia

Jovan Stosic February 17, 2019

Network coding is a field of research founded in a series of papers from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. However, the concept of network coding, in particular linear network coding, appeared much earlier. In a 1978 paper, a scheme for improving the throughput of a two-way communication through a satellite was proposed. In this scheme, two users trying to communicate with each other transmit their data streams to a satellite, which combines the two streams by summing them modulo 2 and then broadcasts the combined stream. Each of the two users, upon receiving the broadcast stream, can decode the other stream by using the information of their own stream.

The 2000 paper gave the butterfly network example (discussed below) that illustrates how linear network coding can outperform routing. This example is equivalent to the scheme for satellite communication described above. The same paper gave an optimal coding scheme for a network with one source node and three destination nodes. This is the first example illustrating the optimality of convolutional network coding (a more general form of linear network coding) over a cyclic network.

Linear network coding may be used to improve a network’s throughput, efficiency and scalability, as well as resilience to attacks and eavesdropping. Instead of simply relaying the packets of information they receive, the nodes of a network take several packets and combine them together for transmission. This may be used to attain the maximum possible information flow in a network.

It has been mathematically proven in theory that linear coding is enough to achieve the upper bound in multicast problems with one source. However linear coding is not sufficient in general (e.g. multisource, multisink with arbitrary demands), even for more general versions of linearity such as convolutional coding and filter-bank coding.[4] Finding optimal coding solutions for general network problems with arbitrary demands remains an open problem.

 

Source: Linear network coding – Wikipedia

Linear network coding – Wikipedia was last modified: February 17th, 2019 by Jovan Stosic

Mode (music)

Jovan Stosic February 17, 2019
Mode Tonic relative
to major scale		 Interval sequence Example
Ionian I W-W-H-W-W-W-H C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C
Dorian II W-H-W-W-W-H-W D-E-F-G-A-B-C-D
Phrygian III H-W-W-W-H-W-W E-F-G-A-B-C-D-E
Lydian IV W-W-W-H-W-W-H F-G-A-B-C-D-E-F
Mixolydian V W-W-H-W-W-H-W G-A-B-C-D-E-F-G
Aeolian VI W-H-W-W-H-W-W A-B-C-D-E-F-G-A
Locrian VII H-W-W-H-W-W-W B-C-D-E-F-G-A-B

 

 

Source: Mode (music) – Wikipedia

Mode (music) was last modified: February 17th, 2019 by Jovan Stosic

Bésame Mucho, Español-English

Jovan Stosic February 17, 2019

Bésame Mucho
Letra y Música de Consuelo Velázquez (1940)

4/4
(introducción instrumental de 9 medidas)

Bésame,
bésame mucho —
como si fuera esta noche
la ultima vez.
Bésame,
bésame mucho —
que tengo miedo a per-derte,
perderte después. —

(repite, y entonces la música cambia un poquito) …-derte, perderte después. —

Quiero tenerte muy cerca
mirar me en tus ojos
verte junto a mi.
Piensa que tal vez mañana
yo ya estaré lejos
muy lejos de ti.

Bésame,
bésame mucho —
como si fuera esta noche
la ultima vez.
Bésame,
bésame mucho —
que tengo miedo a perderte,
perderte des-pués. —

(“-pués” tiene 3 tiempos, se sigue con un tiempo y entonces 7 medidas de música)

Bésame,
bésame mucho —
que tengo miedo a perderte,
perderte después. —
Que tengo miedo a perderte, —
perderte des-pués. — — —

(el ultimo “-pués” tiene 5 y 3/4 medidas, un instrumental sigue con 7 y 1/4)

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Bésame Mucho (a translation)
Words and Music by Consuelo Velázquez (1940)

4/4
(instrumental introduction of 9 measures)

Kiss me now,
kiss me with passion —
kiss me as if this were to be
our very last night.
Kiss me now,
kiss me with passion —
for you I may never-more see
once past early light.

(repeat, then the music changes a little bit) …-more see once past early light. —

I want to hold you so closely,
look into your eyes to find
you mirroring me.
I’m sure dawn will find me lonely
cast away so far behind
where you then will be.

Kiss me now,
kiss me with passion —
kiss me as if this were to be
our very last night.
Kiss me now,
kiss me with passion —
for you I may nevermore see
once past early light.

(“light” has three beats followed by one beat then 7 measures of music)

Kiss me now
kiss me with passion —
fearing tomorrow I’ll lose you
past dawn’s early light; —
and I may forever lose you, —
forever lose you. — — —

(the last “you” has 5 and 3/4 measures, followed by 7 and 1/4 measures of music)

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https://manuelgarciajr.com/2013/12/24/besame-mucho-espanol-english/

Bésame Mucho, Español-English was last modified: February 17th, 2019 by Jovan Stosic