Lawrence’s 60-inch cyclotron, with magnet poles 60 inches (5 feet, 1.5 meters) in diameter, at the University of California Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, in August, 1939, the most powerful accelerator in the world at the time. Glenn T. Seaborg and Edwin M. McMillan (right) used it to discover plutonium, neptunium, and many other transuranic elements and isotopes, for which they received the 1951 Nobel Prizein chemistry. The cyclotron’s huge magnet is at left, with the flat accelerating chamber between its poles in the center. The beamline which analyzed the particles is at right.

A modern cyclotron used for radiation therapy. The magnet is painted yellow.

A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest O. Lawrence in 1929-1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932. A cyclotron accelerates charged particles outwards from the center along a spiral path. The particles are held to a spiral trajectory by a static magnetic field and accelerated by a rapidly varying (radio frequency) electric field. Ernest O. Lawrence was awarded the 1939 Nobel prize in physicsfor this invention.

Cyclotrons were the most powerful particle accelerator technology until the 1950s when they were superseded by the synchrotron, and are still used to produce particle beams in physics and nuclear medicine. The largest single-magnet cyclotron was the 4.67 m (184 in) synchrocyclotron built between 1940 and 1946 by Lawrence at the University of California at Berkeley, which could accelerate protons to 730 million electron volts (MeV). The largest cyclotron is the 17.1 m (56 ft) multimagnet TRIUMF accelerator at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia which can produce 500 MeV protons.

Over 1200 cyclotrons are used in nuclear medicine worldwide for the production of radionuclides.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclotron

Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (6 October 1903 – 25 June 1995) was an Irish physicist and Nobel laureate for his work with John Cockcroft with “atom-smashing” experiments done at Cambridge University in the early 1930s, and so became the first person in history to artificially split the atom.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Walton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cockcroft

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence

Felix Bloch (23 October 1905 – 10 September 1983) was a Swiss physicist, working mainly in the U.S.[1] He and Edward Mills Purcell were awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for “their development of new ways and methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements.”[2] In 1954–1955, he served for one year as the first Director-General of CERN. Felix Bloch made fundamental theoretical contributions to the understanding of electron behavior in crystal lattices, ferromagnetism, and nuclear magnetic resonance.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Bloch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Slater

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Kramers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit